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作者: 張浩 Painter and Writer: HaoZhang 張浩
《八駿》,典古啓今,馳騁在當代的新哲思!野風知閑張浩馬文化
導讀:
讀古今,悉數歷史文人墨客獨領風騷之作,或奉殿堂鼎禮之貴,或隱江湖尋妙音之隱。獨史傳馬圖不同,自古以來名馬所歸,非富即貴,名馬圖傳,自然多爲王室貴族所繪所愛,故襲傳千年不朽,亦是中西馬文化的獨特之處。數千年八駿之傳,深入人心;八駿之圖,代代出新。國際馬文化學者張浩先生,與馬有緣,與史有緣,與畫有緣,與時俱進。先生奇繪《八駿越古今,雄風鑄文明》,積天地精華,領長風流布,釋千年秘笈,合中西美璧,應稱當代中華駿圖的經典,世界名馬的精華!
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遠古時期,先民對駿馬雄渾偉健的身軀和自由馳騁的生命力頂禮膜拜,並浪漫地放飛無限的想像,便出現了傳説里從黃河中騰飛而起,揹負圖形的龍馬。而龍騰馬馳,是乾坤之合,吉祥之兆。故有"龍馬出,天下和"之祝禱。而駿馬被符上了騰飛如雲,疾行如電的特性。從「周易」、「山海經」到「楚辭」,"龍飛在天","龍爲天馬"之説俯拾皆是。
In ancient times, the Chinese ancestors worshiped horses for their
exclusively high vitality and vigour, their elegance in both static
and galloping status, as well as their miraculously robust body
figures. Through romantic imaginations, a legend was spread
according to which divine coursers were seen jumping out of the
Yellow River and flying like legendary dragons high in the sky.
Different paintings of the divine coursers were created following
the legend. It was believed that the divine coursers, with the
flying feature of the legendary dragons, symbolized the
auspiciousness because the joined force of the coursers and dragons
was taken as a sign of harmoniousness between the heaven and the
earth. That’s why a Chinese benison says: “The emergence of the
divine coursers signs the peacefulness of the world (龍馬出,天下和).”
Relevant Chinese idioms, such as “A dragon is flying high in the sky
(龍飛在天)” and “A dragon is a divine courser (龍爲天馬)”, can be easily
found in notable Chinese classics including “Zhou Yi (周易)”, “Shanhai
Jing (山海經)” and “Chu Ci (楚辭)”.
中國古代對馬最生動的描寫,可能莫過于八駿之説。即周穆王(公元前1001---前947年在位),爲拜見西王母,馭八龍之駿,馳驅萬里至崑崙山的傳説。八駿"一名絶地,足不踐土;二名翻羽,行越飛禽;三名奔宵,夜行萬里;四名越影,逐日而行;五名逾輝,毛色炳耀;六名超光,一形十影;七名騰霧,乘雲而奔;八名挾翼,身有肉翅"。
The most dramatic description in ancient China of the divine
coursers should be that about the “eight divine coursers (八駿)”,
those were hailed as heroes of a magic long journey, covered tens of
thousands of miles, marvellously completed by the King Mu of Zhou
(on his throne during 1001 BC – 947 BC) for paying a visit to the
West Queen, who stayed by the remote Kunlun Mountains: “The first
divine courser, named ‘Jue Di (絶地)’, was able of running swiftly
without touching the ground; the second one, named ‘Fan Yu (翻羽)’ and
covered by feather, was able of flying like a bird; the third one
named ‘Ben Xiao (奔宵)’ was able of galloping for tens of thousands of
miles overnight; the fourth one named ‘Yue Ying (越影)’ was able to
leave the moving shadowfar behind it ; the fifth one named ‘Yu Hui
(逾輝)’ was covered far by bright and luminous hairs;the sixth one
named ‘Chao Guang (超光)’ wasable of galloping in a superluminal
speed; the seventh one named ‘Teng Wu (騰霧)’ was able of cloud
riding; the eighth one named ‘Xia Yi (挾翼)’ had a pair of true
wings.”
這浪漫的文學記載雖然夸張,卻是先民想像力的生動寫照,讓人感受到馬的威猛陞騰,俊逸神奇之美。這種龍馬形象,不僅是古人對天國的向往,也反映了人類征服自然的渴望和在宇宙間自由馳騁的精神內涵。
Though exaggerated, the romantic literary record makes vivid
portrayals of the divine coursers based on the rich imaginations of
the Chinese ancestors. It gives us a full sense of the brilliance of
the legendary divine coursers, majestic looking and magically
featured. It’s not only an expression of the ancestors’ admiration
of the paradise but also that of the aspiration of human beings to
conquer the nature and to be the masters of the universe.
數千年來,在中國繪馬史上,《八駿圖》從六朝起就很流行。柳宗元時代,有一些著名的作家、詩人撰寫了不少有關《八駿圖》的詩文。著名的就有白居易《新樂府》中的《八駿圖》、元稹的五言古詩《八駿圖》、李觀的《周穆王八駿圖序》等。而近現代繪馬大師中,有朗世寧,任伯年,艾啓蒙和徐悲鴻等大師的八駿圖,各具風採,不同凡響,爲我們留下了珍貴的藝術寶典。
In the history of the horse painting in China over the past
thousands of years, painting of “Eight Divine Coursers (八駿圖)” has
become popular as early as the Six Dynasties. By the Liu Zongyuan
(柳宗元) era, celebrated writers and poets made lots of poems and texts
of the same name or similar ones, such as the poems entitled “Eight
Divine Coursers” written by famous poets Bai Juyi (白居易) and Yuan
Zhen (元稹), and the “Preface of the King Mu of Zhou and His Eight
Divine Coursers (周穆王八駿圖序)” contributed by poet Li Guan (李觀). Many
differently featured horse paintings under the same name of “Eight
Divine Coursers” have been created in the modern times by notable
painting masters, including Lang Shining (郞世寧), Ren Bonian (任伯年), Ai
Qimeng (艾啓蒙) and Xu Beihong (徐悲鴻), who left precious art treasures
for us.
星馳斗移,歲月如流。筆墨當隨時代,在學習前賢的基礎上,在對中國及世界馬尙文化的硏究中,我對八駿的藝術表達有了一些新的思考。我認爲,今日之八駿圖,應該表現一種新時代精神:即中華民族從數千年的歷史塵煙中不懼艱險,奮蹄前進之風貌和在二十一世紀偉大時代召喚中,揚鬃領風,善行天下之品質!爲體現這種精神面貌,我選擇了表現難度較高的駿馬正面形象,即八駿迎面突奔的姿態。以傳説中的八駿名字爲題,以八種急馳騰越姿態,八種常見品種毛色造型設色,組畫八幅,一字排開。這樣,旣以領風頭馬姿態,獨立成篇,各具特色;而將其排列組合,又自然形成一道動感長城,如天降狂飈,撲面而來,勢不可擋!
The painting art should be developed with the pace of the flying
time. Based on my decades of study of the predecessors’ achievements
in horse paintings, also based on my continued study of the horse
culture development home and abroad, I have some new ideas on
painting of the “Eight Divine Coursers”: It should be an innovative
work reflects the new spirit and character of the Chinese nation in
the new era -- the character of the Chinese people that keeps
galloping ahead with no fear of any hardship or danger, and the
spirit of the Chinese nation that takes the lead in achieving
development together with worldwide nations in the great era of the
21st century.
To show the new spirit and character of the new era, I decided to
make a new painting of the “Eight Divine Coursers” with a
presentation of the frontal images of all the eight horses, though
it would be a comparatively more difficult work. All of my “Eight
Divine Coursers”, named exactly following the ledged, are designed
forcefully galloping forward in varied postures. Respectively
painted on eight pieces of paper in different coat colours selected
from those most commonly seen, each one of my “Eight Divine
Coursers” can be viewed as an individual artistic work. Once to be
lined up, they look like a moving Great Wall, or a wild hurricane
blowing overwhelmingly towards us...
今日之八駿,當乘載中華各民族的文化、信心與力量,成爲一種體現時代精神,同心同德,齊頭並進的藝術表達。先民的八駿傳説,應該成爲現代中國馬尙文化的一種精神標符。不僅如此,今日之八駿,亦應表現世界上八大文明版塊不同民族和國家的兄弟姐妹們尊重互助,團結奮進,和而不同,共創恢宏,爲創建二十一世紀偉大文明共同奮鬥的雄心壯志和不懈努力!値此佳時,心潮澎湃,欣然命筆,以記八駿之美。
The “Eight Divine Coursers” are symbols of auspiciousness, not only
that of China but of the whole world. As an attempt of inheriting
and developing the traditional Chinese horse culture and the
traditional Chinese painting skills with the western aesthetic
ideologies blended in, the new painting of the “Eight Divine
Coursers” is not only a reflection of the Chinese nation’s growing
confidence and influence in contemporary global development, but
also that of the common will of the worldwide people to jointly
forge ahead for achieving a glorious auspiciousness in the 21st
century.
踏雲舞風八尺龍,
突行滅沒入虛空,
狂飈蕩盡千年霧,
玉惋騰凌四海通。
——張浩題八駿
THE END
和平之駿∣國際文化交流、敎育、藝術
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